1. Ethical Standards for Authors

• Originality and Plagiarism: Authors must ensure that their work is original and free from plagiarism. Proper citation and acknowledgment of the work of others are required.
• Data Accuracy and Integrity: Authors are responsible for the accuracy and integrity of the data presented in their manuscripts. Fabrication, falsification, or selective reporting of data is unacceptable.
• Multiple Submissions: Submitting the same manuscript to more than one journal simultaneously is prohibited.
• Conflicts of Interest: Authors must disclose any financial or other substantive conflicts of interest that might influence the results or interpretation of their manuscript.
• Acknowledgment of Sources: Proper acknowledgment of the work of others must always be given. Authors should cite publications that have influenced the reported work.

2. Ethical Standards for Editors

• Fair Play: Manuscripts shall be evaluated solely on their intellectual content without regard to race, gender, sexual orientation, religious belief, ethnic origin, citizenship, or political philosophy of the authors.
• Confidentiality: Editors and editorial staff must maintain the confidentiality of submitted manuscripts and must not disclose any information about a submitted manuscript to anyone other than the corresponding author, reviewers, potential reviewers, and other editorial advisers.
• Disclosure and Conflicts of Interest: Editors should recuse themselves from handling manuscripts in which they have conflicts of interest. Editors should require all contributors to disclose relevant competing interests and publish corrections if competing interests are revealed after publication.

3. Ethical Standards for Reviewers

• Confidentiality: Reviewers must treat the manuscript as a confidential document and must not disclose or discuss it with others except as authorized by the editor.
• Objectivity: Reviews should be conducted objectively. Personal criticism of the author is inappropriate. Reviewers should express their views clearly with supporting arguments.
• Acknowledgment of Sources: Reviewers should identify relevant published work that has not been cited by the authors. Any statement that an observation, derivation, or argument had been previously reported should be accompanied by the relevant citation.
• Conflicts of Interest: Reviewers should not consider manuscripts in which they have conflicts of interest resulting from competitive, collaborative, or other relationships or connections with any of the authors, companies, or institutions connected to the papers.

4. Ethical Standards for Publisher

• Publication Decisions: The publisher is committed to ensuring that advertising, reprint, or other commercial revenue has no impact or influence on editorial decisions.
• Legal and Ethical Compliance: The publisher works closely with editors to ensure compliance with legal and ethical standards.

5. Addressing Ethical Issues

• Corrections and Retractions: If significant errors or misconduct are discovered in published works, the editors will publish corrections, retractions, or other notes as appropriate.
• Reporting Misconduct: Any allegations of misconduct should be reported to the editor-in-chief or publisher, who will follow up with an investigation.